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<div class="content fl mt10 mb10"> <div class="w660 fl mr10" id="w600"> <div class="zixun-detail mb10"> <div class="article">风机齿轮箱常见的轴承失效模式及解决方案<br> <../div> <div style="text-align:center; line-height:24px; padding-bottom:10px;">http:../../www.chinafengji.net <span style="margin:0 15px;">2016-09-06 10:19:25<../span> <span class="red"><../span><../div> <div class="lh24"><p>　　1.引言<../p> <p>　　风机齿轮箱是连接风机主轴和发电机的传动部件，其将主轴的低转速的输入转化成中速或高速发电机所需的输出，是风机中的重要部件之一。由于风机齿轮箱的复杂工况及对可靠性等方面的高要求，风机齿轮箱的设计及应用，尤其是其中作为关键零件的轴承的选型、安装及使用显得尤为重要。不恰当的轴承选型或是不当的安装和使用，会导致轴承的各种损伤和失效模式，甚至还可能会损伤到齿轮箱里其他的零部件。这些损伤和失效都会直接或间接的导致风机停机，不但影响生产率，还会产生计划外的更换和维护成本。铁姆肯公司可针对多种常见失效模式提供有效解决方案。<../p> <p>　　2.风机齿轮箱轴承常见失效模式及解决方案<../p> <p>　　风机齿轮箱设计多种多样，但是基本上都是由行星级和平行级组成。本文以目前比较常见的一种以行星架为输入，内齿圈固定，太阳轮输出并传递到平行级的设计为例，分析说明常见的轴承失效模式及相应的解决方案。<../p> <p>　　2.1行星架轴承<../p> <p>　　2.1.1常见失效模式：<../p> <p>　　行星架轴承的选型和应用是和主轴的设计相关的。目前常见的行星架轴承是满装滚子的圆柱滚子轴承。如果主轴轴承选用调心滚子轴承，不论是单个调心滚子主轴轴承的3点支承设计还是两个调心滚子主轴轴承的4点支承设计，由于调心滚子轴承径向和轴向游隙的存在，当风机在刹车或是其他出现轴向载荷交替变换方向的工况时，主轴及其后面连接的行星架在轴向可能会有窜动。此时如果使用圆柱滚子轴承作为行星架轴承，由于其内外圈在轴向方向上有一定的相对错位空间，因此来自主轴的轴向窜动会传递到行星架的圆柱滚子轴承，而如果窜动量足够大，则对圆柱滚子轴承会造成冲击。而且，由于内齿圈和减速机箱体是连成一体的，所以行星轮和行星架一起轴向窜动还会对行星轮造成齿面磨损.<../p> <p>　　2.1.2解决方案:<../p> <p>　　铁姆肯公司推荐选用单列圆锥滚子轴承跨装，通过对圆锥滚子轴承预紧来解决主轴轴向窜动对行星轮的影响。而且预紧的圆锥滚子轴承的承载区得到优化，减少了滚道应力，提高了行星轮系的刚性，并可以承受外部传递入齿轮箱行星架端的额外轴向力<../p> <p>　　2.2行星轮轴承<../p> <p>　　2.2.1常见失效模式：<../p> <p>　　常见的一种行星轮轴承是由一对双列圆柱滚子轴承组成。在轴承外圈和行星轮内孔之间过盈配合量不足或是由于齿轮变形而使两者接触面积减少的情况下，会出现外圈跑圈和磨损。<../p> <p>　　对于斜齿行星轮设计而言，由于行星轮与内齿圈和太阳轮同时啮合的时候受到大小相同、方向相反的轴向力，所产生的倾覆力矩使得外侧的两列滚子承载较大，中间两列滚子承载较小。四列滚子之间的载荷分布不均匀使得实际使用寿命有一定差别，在相同设计寿命的前提下，外侧两列会提前出现疲劳剥落。<../p> <p>　　2.2.2解决方案：<../p> <p>　　Timken集成式柔性销行星轮组件是提高行星级可靠性的最佳方案之一。齿轮和轴承外圈集成于一体，杜绝了外圈跑圈的可能性，同时有更多的内部空间设计更多、更大的滚子来提高承载能力。通过预紧两列圆锥滚子使其承载区得到优化，降低了应力和滚子打滑的几率，使载荷更均匀的分布在两列。柔性销设计允许行星轮组件在运行中产生柔性的偏移，保证齿面有很高的啮合率，特别是对多个行星轮的设计，使得各行星轮之间的载荷分布更均匀，而且还可以降低加工和装配的精度要求。<../p> <p>　　2.3高速轴轴承<../p> <p>　　2.3.1常见失效模式：<../p> <p>　　圆柱滚子轴承及四点接触球轴承组合在高速级的应用中是较为常见的一种。在高速和低载的情况下，圆柱滚子轴承容易出现滚子打滑和滚道滑伤，而球轴承可能会出现滑伤和微剥落的损伤。<../p> <p>　　2.3.2解决方案：<../p> <p>　　铁姆肯公司提出带抗磨涂层的圆柱滚子轴承和单列圆锥滚子定位轴承。带抗磨涂层的圆柱滚子轴承在整个寿命周期的运行中既能持续地防止滑伤，也可以防止由于润滑剂里含杂质而造成滚道伤害以及润滑不良的情况。单列圆锥滚子定位轴承可以承受径向及双向的轴向载荷，其纯滚动的特性将滑伤的可能性降至最小。<../p> <p>　　3.总结<../p> <p>　　随着风力发电装备行业的迅猛发展，特别是大功率风机日趋主流，风机及零部件的可靠性将是研发中关注的重点。本文介绍的齿轮箱轴承常见失效模式及其解决方案，旨在帮助设备制造商选取更适合风机齿轮箱应用的轴承解决方案，力求不断优化减速机的设计，使齿轮箱乃至整机的可靠性得到大幅的提升。<../p> <div class="mt30" style="text-align:right;"><a href="javascript:window.print();">【打印】<../a> <a href="javascript:window.close();" class="mr10 ml10">【关闭】<../a><../div> <../div> <div class="keyword">文章关键字： <a href="....../news../tag--1.html" target="_blank"><../a><../div> <../div> <div class="w325 fl mr10"> <div class="border-g"> <div class="title"> <div class="title2"><span class="fr"><a href="....../news../16-1.html">更多<../a><../span>展会新闻<../div> <../div> <div class="d-list"> <ul> <li><span class="fr">[07-25]<../span><a 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